HTML TUTORIAL -- Special Character Entities

presents

HTML SPECIAL CHARACTER ENTITIES

based on

The ISO 8859-1 Coded Character Set

and

HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION 2.0

More information on special character entities can be found at Martin Ramsch's ISO 8859-1 Table, the listing of Character Entity Sets at The Worldwide Web Consortium, and the ASCII - ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) Table with HTML 3.0 Entity Names. Information on rendering complex mathematical equations using HTML can be found by searching at the Worldwide Web Consortium for Mathematical Equations.

Further information about character sets which are supported by HTML but not necessarily by all computer systems can be found at ISO8859-5 and Unicode characters in HTML, which covers ISO 8859 Latin-A, the Minimum European Subset and touches on the UTF-8 character set. ISO8859 Alphabet Soup is part of a dissertation about Unicode by Roman Czyborra which covers ISO8859 Latin (including the Eastern European languages which use a modified Latin character set), Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek and Hebrew. Unicode 2.1 character charts are available courtesy of Unicode and Apple. If you're interested, check out my UTF-8 Charts which are set to display the UTF-8 character set. If you're running WindowsNT or Mac OS 8.5 you should be able to see a large number of Latin, Greek and special characters. If you're not running one of those systems, or if your system doesn't understand Unicode characters (like Windows95 and Windows98), you'll probably see a bunch of question marks or little squares.

Rendering Note

This chart lists each ISO Latin-1 numeric entity name, the decimal value of that character, the HTML escape sequence, the common name for that symbol and the symbol as it appears typed from the keyboard of a Power Macintosh 7100/66 running system 7.5.3 in a table row. If either the ISO Latin-1 numeric entity name or the HTML escape sequence appears in the row, or if the character appears to be different than the common name, then your browser does not recognize the entity and cannot render it as designed.

After you're done encoding your web pages, why not relax and burn some incense?

CONTROL CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
�	000	none	none	null	none
	001	none	none	start of heading	none
	002	none	none	start of text	none
	003	none	none	end of text	none
	004	none	none	end of transmission	none
	005	none	none	enquiry	none
	006	none	none	acknowledge	none
	007	none	none	bell	none
	008	none	none	backspace	no visible keyboard character
	009	none	none	horizontal tab	no visible keyboard character
	010	none	none	line feed	no visible keyboard character
	011	none	none	vertical tab	none
	012	none	none	form feed	none
	013	none	none	carriage return	no visible keyboard character
	014	none	none	shift out	none
	015	none	none	shift in	none
	016	none	none	data link escape	none
	017	none	none	device control 1	none
	018	none	none	device control 2	none
	019	none	none	device control 3	none
	020	none	none	device control 4	none
	021	none	none	negative acknowledge	none
	022	none	none	synchronous idle	none
	023	none	none	end of transmission block	none
	024	none	none	cancel	none
	025	none	none	end of medium	none
	026	none	none	substitute	none
	027	none	none	escape	no visible keyboard character
	028	none	none	file separator	none
	029	none	none	group separator	none
	030	none	none	record separator	none
	031	none	none	unit separator	none
SPECIAL CHARACTERS AND NUMBERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
	032	&sp; or ␣	&sp; or &blank;	space	no visible keyboard character
!	033	!	&excl;	exclamation point	!
"	034	"	"	quotation mark	"
#	035	#	&num;	octothorpe	#
$	036	$	&dollar;	dollar sign	$
%	037	%	&percnt;	percent sign	%
&	038	&	&	ampersand	&
'	039	'	'	apostrophe	'
(	040	(	(	left paren	(
)	041	)	)	right paren	)
*	042	*	&ast;	asterisk	*
+	043	+	+	plus sign	+
,	044	,	,	comma	,
-	045	‐ or − or ‐	&hyphen; or − or &dash;	hyphen	-
.	046	.	&period;	period	.
/	047	/	/	solidus	/
048-057 = digits 0-9
:	058	:	&colon;	colon	:
;	059	;	&semi;	semi-colon	;
<	060	<	<	less than	<
=	061	=	=	equals	=
>	062	>	>	greater than	>
?	063	?	&quest;	question mark	?
@	064	@	&commat;	commercial at	@
065 - 090 = letters A - Z
[	091	[	[	left square bracket	[
\	092	\	\	reverse solidus	\
]	093	]	]	right square bracket	]
^	094	ˆ or ⁁	&circ; or &caret;	caret	^
_	095	_	&lowbar;	underscore	_
LOWERCASE CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
`	096	none	none	grave accent/back apostrophe	`
097 - 122 = letters a - z
{	123	{	{	left curly brace	{
\|	124	\|	\|	vertical bar	\|
}	125	}	}	right curly brace	}
~	126	˜ or ∼	&tilde; or &sim;	tilde	~
EXTENDED CONTROL CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
	127	none	none	delete	no visible keyboard character
128 - 159			unused
SPECIAL CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
	160			non-breaking space
¡	161	¡	¡	inverted exclamation point	�
¢	162	¢	¢	cent sign	¢
£	163	£	£	pound sterling	�
¤	164	¤	¤	general currency	�
¥	165	¥	¥	yen sign	�
¦	166	¦ or &brkbar;	¦ or &brkbar;	broken vertical bar	no keyboard character
§	167	§	§	section sign	�
¨	168	¨ or ¨	¨ or &die;	dieresis	�
©	169	©	©	copyright	�
ª	170	ª	ª	feminine ordinal	�
«	171	«	«	left guillemot	�
¬	172	¬	¬	not sign
	173			soft hyphen	no keyboard character
®	174	®	®	registered trademark	�
¯	175	¯ or &hibar;	¯ or &hibar;	macron	�
°	176	°	°	degree sign	�
±	177	±	±	plus or minus	�
²	178	²	²	superscript 2	no keyboard character
³	179	³	³	superscript 3	no keyboard character
´	180	´	´	acute accent	�
µ	181	µ	µ	mu	�
¶	182	¶	¶	pilcrow	�
·	183	·	·	middle dot	�
¸	184	¸	¸	cedilla	�
¹	185	¹	¹	superscript 1	no keyboard character
º	186	º	º	masculine ordinal	�
»	187	»	»	right guillemot	�
¼	188	¼	¼	fraction one-fourth	no keyboard character
½	189	½ or ½	½ or &half;	fraction one-half	no keyboard character
¾	190	¾	¾	fraction three-fourths	no keyboard character
¿	191	¿	¿	inverted question mark	�
UPPERCASE LATIN-1 CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
À	192	À	À	capital A, grave accent	�
Á	193	Á	Á	capital A, acute accent	�
Â	194	Â	Â	capital A, circumflex accent	�
Ã	195	Ã	Ã	capital A, tilde	�
Ä	196	Ä	Ä	capital A, dieresis	�
Å	197	Å or Å	Å or &angst;	capital A, ring	�
Æ	198	Æ	Æ	capital AE diphthong	�
Ç	199	Ç	Ç	capital C, cedilla	�
È	200	È	È	capital E, grave accent	�
É	201	É	É	capital E, acute accent	�
Ê	202	Ê	Ê	capital E, circumflex accent	�
Ë	203	Ë	Ë	capital E, dieresis	�
Ì	204	Ì	Ì	capital I, grave accent	�
Í	205	Í	Í	capital I, acute accent	�
Î	206	Î	Î	capital I, circumflex accent	�
Ï	207	Ï	Ï	capital I, dieresis	�
Ð	208	Ð or Đ	Ð or &Dstrok;	capital Eth	no keyboard character
Ñ	209	Ñ	Ñ	capital N, tilde	�
Ò	210	Ò	Ò	capital O, grave accent	�
Ó	211	Ó	Ó	capital O, acute accent	�
Ô	212	Ô	Ô	capital O, circumflex accent	�
Õ	213	Õ	Õ	capital O, tilde	�
Ö	214	Ö	Ö	capital O, dieresis	�
×	215	×	×	multiply sign	no keyboard character
Ø	216	Ø	Ø	capital O, slash	�
Ù	217	Ù	Ù	capital U, grave accent	�
Ú	218	Ú	Ú	capital U, acute accent	�
Û	219	Û	Û	capital U, circumflex accent	�
Ü	220	Ü	Ü	capital U, dieresis	�
Ý	221	Ý	Ý	capital Y, acute accent	no keyboard character
Þ	222	Þ	Þ	capital Thorn	no keyboard character
ß	223	ß	ß	German sz ligature	�
LOWERCASE LATIN-1 CHARACTERS
ISO Latin-1 Numeric Entity	Decimal Value	Escape Sequence Rendered	HTML Escape Sequence	Common Name	Keyboard Character
à	224	à	à	lowercase a, grave accent	�
á	225	á	á	lowercase a, acute accent	�
â	226	â	â	lowercase a, circumflex accent	�
ã	227	ã	ã	lowercase a, tilde	�
ä	228	ä	ä	lowercase a, dieresis	�
å	229	å	å	lowercase a, ring	�
æ	230	æ	æ	lowercase ae ligature	�
ç	231	ç	ç	lowercase c, cedilla	�
è	232	è	è	lowercase e, grave accent	�
é	233	é	é	lowercase e, acute accent	�
ê	234	ê	ê	lowercase e, circumflex accent	�
ë	235	ë	ë	lowercase e, dieresis	'
ì	236	ì	ì	lowercase i, grave accent	"
í	237	í	í	lowercase i, acute accent	'
î	238	î	î	lowercase i, circumflex accent	"
ï	239	ï	ï	lowercase i, dieresis	�
ð	240	ð	ð	lowercase eth	�
ñ	241	ñ	ñ	lowercase n, tilde	-
ò	242	ò	ò	lowercase o, grave accent	�
ó	243	ó	ó	lowercase o, acute accent	-
ô	244	ô	ô	lowercase o, circumflex accent	�
õ	245	õ	õ	lowercase o, tilde	�
ö	246	ö	ö	lowercase o, dieresis	�
÷	247	÷	÷	division sign	�
ø	248	ø	ø	lowercase o, slash	�
ù	249	ù	ù	lowercase u, grave accent	�
ú	250	ú	ú	lowercase u, acute accent	�
û	251	û	û	lowercase u, circumflex accent	�
ü	252	ü	ü	lowercase u, dieresis	�
ý	253	ý	ý	lowercase y, acute accent	no keyboard character
þ	254	þ	þ	lowercase thorn	no keyboard character
ÿ	255	ÿ	ÿ	lowercase y, dieresis	�

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